Ancient Starlight

Image credit: NASA

According to the New York Times, “Ancient starlight, emitted by the first stars in the universe, has been detected using the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Marco Ajello, an astrophysicist at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues report the finding in the current issue of the journal Science. Dr. Ajello conducted the research while working at Stanford University.

“‘These were probably the very first objects to form in our universe,’ he said. ‘They formed just about 500 million [10+08] years after the Big Bang.’

“Scientists suggest that the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion [10+10] years ago, resulting in the creation of our universe, which continues to expand. The first stars in the universe were massive and primarily made up of hydrogen [hydrogen atoms are 10-10 meters in diameter]. They probably burned through the hydrogen quickly and exploded into supernovas early on. Although those original stars are long gone, the light from them is still traveling to us, Dr. Ajello said.”

To read the full article, click here.

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2012 Presidential Election: The Democratic Process

Last night America elected Barack Obama for a second term as President of the United States.  Over 118 million (10+10) people participated in this election by filling out their ballots and casting their votes.

In his victory speech, President Obama addressed why politics and elections matter, saying: ”Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated. We have our own opinions. Each of us has deeply held beliefs. And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy. That won’t change after tonight. And it shouldn’t. These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty, and we can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter–the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.”

May we rejoice in the fact that we can speak freely in this country, because (while we may forget) the value of that right is so profound that it cannot be measured in powers of ten.

Congratulations to all who took part in the democratic process this election.

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Vote on November 6th

vote

Don't forget to vote!

Don’t forget to vote in the 2012 presidential election on November 6th.  Voting is a key way to voice your opinion on elected officials and overall policies that, on scales both large and small, impact our lives and the course we take as country.

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Hurricane Sandy in Powers of Ten

Hurricane Sandy; Battery Park

A fallen tree in the Battery Park neighborhood of Manhattan. Image credit: Allison Joyce/Getty Images

Hurricane Sandy has already taken its toll on much of the East Coast, and the storm isn’t over yet. The Huffington Post offers the latest news:

“At least 30 people [10+01] were reported killed in eight states along the eastern seaboard by Sandy, which dropped just below hurricane status before making landfall on Monday night in New Jersey. Some people were hit by trees, others died in flooding, from electrical shocks or in car crashes linked to the storm. One woman in Toronto was hit by flying debris. Sandy killed more than 65 people in the Caribbean last week before pounding U.S. coastal areas. President Barack Obama issued federal emergency decrees for ‘major disasters’ in New York and New Jersey.

“More than 1 million people [10+06] in a dozen states along the storm’s path were ordered to evacuate, as homes sunk underwater and fierce winds toppled trees. The Red Cross estimated its shelters housed more than 11,000 people [10+04] across 16 states. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the city’s shelters housed 6,100 people [10+03]. The city said shelters would remain open until residents can safely return to their homes.

“More than 8.1 million homes and businesses on the East Coast of the United States were without power on Tuesday after the storm tore down power lines, flooded networks, and sparked an explosion at a power station on Manhattan’s East River. That compares to 8.4 million outages at the peak of Hurricane Irene last year. The outages spread from New Jersey, which was hardest hit, to 19 other states from North Carolina to as far inland as Indiana. Power companies estimate parts of New York City could be without power for more than a week. An additional 145,000 people [10+05] lost power in the Canadian province of Ontario. The storm disrupted cellphones, home telephones and Internet services in at least eight states in the northeast.

“New Jersey was the worst hit. Three towns in New Jersey just west of New York City were inundated with up to 5 feet [1000] of water after a levee on the nearby Hackensack River was overtopped or breached. Seaside rail lines washed away, floodwaters forced police and fire departments to relocate their operations, and parts of the coast remained underwater. In New York City, neighborhoods along the East and Hudson rivers in Manhattan were underwater, as were low-lying streets in Battery Park near Ground Zero, where the World Trade Center once stood. The total area flooded by the storm is still unknown. The unprecedented flooding hampered efforts to fight a massive fire that destroyed more than 80 homes in the New York City borough of Queens. Mayor Michael Bloomberg said there were at least 23 serious fires across the city.

“Transportation ground to a halt along the U.S. Northeast coast starting from Monday, stranding local rail commuters, air travelers and cruise passengers from as far away as Europe and Asia, as Sandy prompted closure of air, rail, ship and even highway service. The transport woes also hit cargo operations. New York closed seven major bridges. New Jersey closed one of its busiest toll roads due to flooding. More than 15,773 flights have been canceled so far as a result of Sandy, according to the flight tracker FlightAware. A tidal surge paralyzed New York City’s subway system, the nation’s largest, in the worst disaster to strike it in its 108-year [10+02] history. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority said it could take up to four or five days to get the water out of the flooded train tunnels. Mass transit was also shut on Monday and part of Tuesday in Philadelphia and Washington. The Boston public transportation system reopened on Tuesday morning.

“The storm interrupted the presidential campaign a week before Election Day, forcing President Barack Obama and his Republican challenger, Mitt Romney, to cancel appearances. Sandy added a new level of uncertainty to an already tense, tight race for the White House. Obama will stay in Washington on Wednesday after canceling a third campaigning day. Obama, who has made every effort to show himself staying on top of the storm response, drew praise from Republican New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, who has been a strong Romney supporter. Romney converted what had been intended as a campaign event in Kettering, Ohio, on Tuesday into a ‘storm relief event.’ He urged Americans to show generosity in helping the East Coast.

“The monster storm closed U.S. stock markets for two days this week, the first time markets had consecutive unplanned closures due to weather since a massive blizzard shut them down in 1888. The unplanned closure on Monday was the first since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Bond markets were also shut on Tuesday. Some analysts estimated banks and trading firms could lose tens of millions of dollars in revenue. Major U.S. stock exchanges expect to reopen on Wednesday. The storm delayed several data releases, such as the monthly natural gas report and the weekly Crop Progress report. Dozens of U.S. companies postponed releasing quarterly results after the storm, and banks closed branches in the Northeast, while promising to waive certain fees in hurricane-threatened areas.

“Sandy appears to have caused more losses than last year’s Hurricane Irene, but final totals will be hard to come by for some time because of the scale of the disaster. One disaster-forecasting company predicted economic losses could ultimately reach $20 billion [10+09], only half insured. That would make Sandy the fifth-worst hurricane in history, based on inflation-adjusted losses.”

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Surviving on Volcanic Gas

Thriving on Volcanic Gas

Image: Discovery News

Discovery News reports that “Wisps of volcanic gas, rather than photosynthesis, may energize rare microbes eking out an existence on the Martian-like flanks of the tallest volcanoes in South America’s Atacama Desert.

This newly discovered handful of bacteria, fungi and rudimentary organisms called archaea [roughly 80 micrometers, or 10-5 meters in diameter and 200-600 micrometers, or 10-04 meters long] have not been formally identified, but DNA [10-07] analysis has revealed that they are very different from anything else known to science.

‘Genetically, they’re at least 5 percent different than anything else in the DNA database of 2.5 million [10+06] sequences,’ said Ryan Lynch, a doctoral student at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who cultured the Atacama microbes in the lab.

When Lynch and his colleagues searched specifically for chlorophyll or genes known to be involved in photosynthesis, they came up dry.  That’s when they realized that some of these bugs might utilize completely new forms of metabolism.

In a recent report in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, Lynch and his co-authors suggest that the microbes may extract energy and carbon from wisps of gases such as carbon monoxide and dimethylsulfide that sometimes drift in the air.  The process wouldn’t give the bugs a high-energy yield, Lynch said in a press release, but enough could add up over time to be meaningful.”

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100-Million-Year-Old Spider Attack

This is the only fossil ever discovered that shows a spider attacking its prey in its web. Image from: Discovery News

Discovery News recently reported on the discovery a 100-million-year-old spider attack in which both predator and prey are fossilized in amber:

“The piece of amber, which contains 15 [10+01] intact strands of spider silk, provides the first fossil evidence of such an assault, the researchers said. It was excavated in a Burmese mine and dates back to the Early Cretaceous, between 97 million [10+07] and 110 million [10+08] years ago.”

“‘This juvenile spider was going to make a meal out of a tiny parasitic wasp, but never quite got to it,’ George Poinar, Jr., a zoology professor at Oregon State University, said in a statement.”

“Both the spider and wasp species are today extinct. But the type of wasp (Cascoscelio incassus) belongs to a group that today is known to parasitize spider eggs, Poinor said. The attack on the wasp by the bristly orb-weaver spider, Geratonephila burmanica, might then be considered revenge.”

To read the full story in Discovery News, click here.

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10/10

Powers of Ten: A Rough Sketch

Shooting of "A Rough Sketch for a Proposed Film Dealing with the Powers of Ten and the Relative Size of the Universe;" 1968. Copyright: Eames Office, LLC.

Happy Powers of Ten Day! In this universe of continuity and change, of everyday picnics and cosmic mystery, consider all that is around you on scales both large and small!

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Art.sy: An Art Genome Project

Sebastian Cwilich (left) and Carter Cleveland, shown at the gallery Haunch of Venison, constructed an art “genome." Image credit: Eric Ogden

An art genome project called Art.sy went live on Monday.  Its mission is “to expose as many people as possible to art.” Art.sy explains that its “growing collection comprises 17,000+ [10+04] artworks by 3,000+ [10+03] artists from leading galleries, museums, private collections, foundations, and artist estates.  Art.sy works with 300+ [10+02] of the world’s leading galleries, museums, private collections, foundations, and artist estates from New York to London, Paris to Shanghai, Johannesburg to São Paulo.”

The site has undergone “two years of private testing and with millions of dollars [10+06] from investors, including some celebrities in the art and technology worlds,” according to The New York Times.  Art.sy takes its inspiration from already successful genome projects such as Pandora and Netflix, which offer recommendations on what kind of music and movies someone might like based on previous selections.  But some people have their doubts as to whether or not the idea can be successfully applied to visual art.  Robert Storr, dean of the Yale University School of Art and former curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art told The New York Times: “It depends so much on the information, who’s doing the selection, what the criteria are, and what the cultural assumptions behind those criteria are.”  He added that, in regard to art comprehension, “I’m sure it will be reductive.”

Others, such as Seb Chan, director of the Cooper-Hewitt’s digital and emerging media, argue that, “You shouldn’t need to be a scholar to discover works of art that you might be fascinated by. . .You go to museums and you browse—chancing upon things is what it’s all about. The Art Genome is another way of creating serendipitous connections. . .For our culture, particularly people who live with the Web as part of their natural lives—anyone under 25—this is a natural way of browsing.”

Check out Art.sy for yourself by clicking here.

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Exaggerating Facts by Powers of Ten

Presidential Debates, 2012

President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney debate in Denver, Colorado. Image credit: Charlie Neibergall / APL

Last night’s Presidential Debate at the University of Denver led to a flurry of discussion about which of President Barack Obama and his challenger Mitt Romney’s statements were true, which were false, and which were simply exaggerated.

The information below, from FactCheck.org, offers the break down on how Obama and Romney’s claims hold up.  FactCheck.org is a nonpartisan, nonprofit “consumer advocate” for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics.

  • Obama accused Romney of proposing a $5 trillion [10+12] tax cut. Not true. Romney proposes to offset his rate cuts and promises he won’t add to the deficit.
  • Romney again promised to “not reduce the taxes paid by high-income Americans” and also to “lower taxes on middle-income families,” but didn’t say how he could possibly accomplish that without also increasing the deficit.
  • Obama oversold his health care law, claiming that health care premiums have “gone up slower than any time in the last 50 years [10+01].” That’s true of health care spending, but not premiums. And the health care law had little to do with the slowdown in overall spending.
  • Romney claimed a new board established by the Affordable Care Act is “going to tell people ultimately what kind of treatments they can have.” Not true. The board only recommendscost-saving measures for Medicare, and is legally forbidden to ration care or reduce benefits.
  • Obama said 5 million [10+06] private-sector jobs had been created in the past 30 months. Perhaps so, but that counts jobs that the Bureau of Labor Statistics won’t add to the official monthly tallies until next year. For now, the official tally is a bit over 4.6 million.
  • Romney accused Obama of doubling the federal deficit. Not true. The annual deficit was already running at $1.2 trillion when Obama took office.
  • Obama again said he’d raise taxes on upper-income persons only to the “rates that we had when Bill Clinton was president.” Actually, many high-income persons would pay more than they did then, because of new taxes in Obama’s health care law.
  • Romney claimed that middle-income Americans have “seen their income come down by $4,300 [10+03].” That’s too high. Census figures show the decline in median household income during Obama’s first three years was $2,492, even after adjusting for inflation.
  • Obama again touted his “$4 trillion” deficit reduction plan, which includes $1 trillion from winding down wars that are coming to an end in any event.

For additional nonpartisan information about U.S. politics and key 2012 political players, visit FactCheck.org, Votesmart.org or KnowMyCandidate.org.

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Giant Blank House of Cards Community Project at ArtPrize

Eames Blank House of Cards at ArtPrize

This year the Eames Office is participating in ArtPrize, a three-week-long art bonanza in Grand Rapids, Michigan that runs from September 19 through October 7, 2012.  As part of a two-phase community event, 10,000 (10+04) Eames Blank Giant House of Cards have been decorated, assembled and reassembled, inspiring both creativity and collaboration.

On September 22, in the heart of downtown, ArtPrize attendees gathered in Rosa Parks Circle to decorate 5,000 Eames Blank House of Cards.  At the same time, they watched a team from Scott Christopher Homes create an amazing and enormous tower from yet another 5,000 Blank House of Cards.  The tower was on view for just 24 hours.  Once the structure came down, its cards were distributed to thousands of school children and community members who brightly adorned them with drawings, words, poems, ideas and hopes for the future.

Now that all 10,000 cards have been decorated, they have been re-assembled into a brand new configuration of arches, alleys, walls and towers.  If you’re in the Grand Rapids area, stop by to see it! The construction of Eames Giant Blank House of Cards is at the gallery next to the UICA at 1 South Division Avenue and will remain on view through the end of ArtPrize.

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  • Countdown to Powers of Ten Day

    • 10/10/10 951 days ago